![]() ![]() ![]() Further applications of these multimodal sensors with a soft robotic gripper suggested a new approach for developing sophisticated stimuli-responsive skin with multifunctionality and adaptability to varied environmental conditions. Based on this zwitterionic PIL hydrogel, three sensing modes, capacitive, resistive, and triboelectric modes, can be achieved in one device, which is stable under a wide temperature range (−20 ☌ to 60 ☌). This zwitterionic PIL hydrogel exhibited super-stretchability (approximately 900%), self-healing ability, and high conductivity (−1.1 S m −1), even at low temperature (−20 ☌). Based on a zwitterionic poly(ionic liquid) (PIL), an anti-freezing hydrogel was designed and synthesized for use in a multimodal artificial skin. However, profound challenges remain in developing ionic devices that retain their properties in extreme environmental conditions, such as subzero temperatures. Songs from the Apple Music catalog cannot be burned to a CD.Capable of converting stimuli into electrical signals, hydrogel-based ionic devices are of great significance in soft robots, wearable devices, and artificial sensors. To this end, we prepare a unique type of ultrasmall gallic acid-ferrous (GAFe(II)) nanocomplexes as the catalyst of Fenton reaction to enable persistent conversion of H2O2 to highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (OH).
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